A video mixer, also known as a video switcher or production switcher, is a device used in video production and broadcasting to select and combine different video sources. It allows the user to switch between various input signals, such as multiple cameras, video players, or computer sources, in real-time. Older video mixers that could process analog signals, particularly composite/ RCA, were a crucial component in live video production environments, such as television studios, live events, and video streaming setups.
Now, these composite-based video mixers are seen as obsolete by many, meaning they are relatively cheap to purchase used on sites like Ebay and Facebook Marketplace. We say “relatively” cheap because the rising popularity of video art has led to a noticeable resurgence in pricing.
Obtaining a video mixer is one of the best ways to upgrade your glitch/video art setup. Not only do they allow you to create an internal video feedback loop (see the next section about video feedback), but they also (depending on the feature set) allow you to quickly mix together and switch between video signals, “wipe” between video signals using different shapes, apply effects, chroma key or luma key between videos, and more.
Also, video mixers can be circuit-bent and turned into glitch boxes with unique mixer features.
Key features of a video mixer include:
- Input Selection: Video mixers typically have multiple input channels to connect various video sources. These can include cameras, video playback devices, computers, and other sources.
- Transition Effects: Video mixers provide different transition effects to smoothly switch between video sources. Common transitions include cuts, dissolves, wipes, and fades.
- Mixing and Layering: Some advanced video mixers allow for mixing and layering of multiple video sources. This enables the creation of picture-in-picture effects, overlays, and other visual enhancements.
- Effects and Filters: Certain video mixers offer built-in effects and filters that can be applied to the video sources in real-time. These effects may include color correction, chroma keying (green screen), and various image processing options.
- Preview and Program Outputs: Video mixers often have separate preview and program outputs. The preview output allows the operator to preview upcoming shots before switching them to the main program output.
- Control Interface: Video mixers come with a control interface that allows operators to manipulate the settings, select sources, and control transitions. This interface can be physical buttons, a touch screen, or software-based controls.