Not meant to be a comprehensive list, mostly focusing on what people would experience in the consumer space. Small pictures of each format may be helpful.
Template:Video storage formats - Wikipedia
(Chronological Order)
In 1999 Sony backported the DV recording scheme to 8-mm systems, creating Digital8. By using the same cassettes as Hi8, many Digital8 camcorders were able to play analog Video8 or Hi8 recordings, preserving compatibility with already recorded analog video tapes offering cleaner output over S-Video and FM RF off test jig ports.
Betamax
Like you’d see in a VCR
A shrunk down VHS, compatible with VHS players, with a passive mechanical adapter.
Video8
Hi-8
* https://www.freevideoworkshop.com/hi8-video-wiki-sony-hi8-format-explained/
*DV25 (4:1:1 NTSC / 4:2:0 PAL) many units supported Video8/Hi8 and had RF out the back JIG port basically the same as MiniDV using the standard 8mm format tapes.
Digital8CamcorderFeatures_20050311
DV (video format) - Wikipedia:
It includes the recording or cassette formats (DV, MiniDV, DVCAM, Digital8 - DV25) (HDV, DVCPro, DVCPro50 and DVCProHD - MPEG2)
MiniDV is probably the most common digital format one would encounter.